The article considers the possibility of using artificial intelligence, in particular ChatGPT, in the practice of teaching foreign languages. The effectiveness of such language models as additional tools for the formation of language skills and abilities in the process of communicative aspect teaching of foreign students is substantiated, contributing to increased motivation, personali- zation of learning, and saving of study time. Using the example of studying German in a Turkmen audience, certain types of work are presented within the framework of the lexical and grammatical aspects using ChatGPT: posing a general question on the topic, expanding vocabulary, familiarizing with grammatical constructions, building a dialogue, creating a mental map, etc. The leading role of the teacher (support, correction) in the “teacher – learner” pair is particularly emphasized. Based on the existing experience of using AI in the practice of teaching languages, the pros and cons of this type of activity are highlighted: on the one hand, simultaneous work with a foreign language (Ger- man) and the native language (Turkmen), explanation of linguistic facts with examples, on the other hand, the lack of absolute accuracy when translating from the native language into German lan- guage and vice versa, staticity. Directions for further study of the possibilities of using AI models in the process of language teaching are proposed.

The article, devoted to direction 5.9.1. Russian literature and literatures of the peoples of the RF (philological sciences) examines the problem of love and family happiness of a woman in L. Tolstoy’s story “Family Happiness” (1859). The purpose of the study is to trace how the psychological state of the main character is reflected through the garden, which serves as a kind of mirror. The work was created during a period of heated debate in Russia about women. Tolstoy, long before his marriage, thought about the ideal of marriage. Indifferent to the women's issue, Tol- stoy limited a woman's happiness to a feeling of love for children and their father. Based on histori- cal, literary and biographical methods of analysis, it turns out that the writer was a poet when he depicted his first love in the story. The intimate space of the garden, especially in the moonlight, becomes a catalyst for a love story. The garden plays the role of a mirror, reflecting the concept of life as a holiday. The garden plays the role of a mirror, reflecting the concept of life as a holiday. However, Tolstoy inexorably deprives the woman of poetry, which is reflected in the very everyday and prosaic description of the garden in the second part of the work, when the heroine becomes a wife and mother. The phenomenological approach reveals that ideology prevails over psychological truth.

This article is devoted to the problem of matrix language retention in the context of emigration. The aim of the work is a detailed description and classification of the factors influ- encing the preservation and loss of the Italian language in the Italian-American community, the rea- sons for the emergence of the contact idiom ‘italinglish’ including the example of the work of Italian-American poets. Theoretical approaches to the study of Italian-American contact are described, data on the factors of preservation and loss of the Italian language in the USA are systematised. The poetic texts of Italian-American poets, such as E.Carnevali, G.Ciardi, F.Stefanile, A.Nicolai, etc., on the subject of linguistic behaviour within the framework of cultural pluralism. The work of Italian-American poets demonstrates several scenarios of interaction between matrix and guest languages: successful assimilation of a new language; conscious choice of one of the two languages; alternate use of languages in creative work; experimentation with an interesting multilingual mix. The study confirms the hypothesis that the transformation of identity in emigration is reflected in the use of language, which in turn acts as a stabiliser of identity, being a widespread motif in the verist literary tradition.

This article is devoted to a special method of word formation in the French language – telescoping, a complex mechanism of truncation and fusion of which forms a monolithic structure of a new word. The authors analyze the factors under which extragrammatic processes act on the structural elements of the sign so that the phonology and semantics are implemented in the word according to their task, while for conventional units or units derived from coded languages (argo, verlan) the semantics is fixed and remains fixed in the original sign.

The relevance of this study is due to the steady scientific and social interest in occasional phraseology, the study claims that in addition to saving linguistic resources and gaining new mean- ing, the contaminated lexeme reveals an expressive message designed to have an emotional impact on the addressee. The study showed that the dynamic nature of the telescoping processes implies the penetration of the neological lexeme into various types of discourses such as colloquial, advertising and political, while linguistic creativity of the French media language offers new connotations both meliorative, approving and derogative, expressing irony or contempt. Such word combinations strengthen interactive contact flattering the readers language skills and enhancing the memorization of the transmitted message at the same time.

In the context of globalization and the dynamic interaction between language speakers and representatives of diverse cultures, the incorporation of foreign lexical items into vocabulary systems has become a fundamental driver of linguistic development and enrichment. However, the exponential growth in textual data has rendered manual analysis and lexical unit identification increasingly inefficient and time-consuming. This necessitates the implementation of automated natural language processing (NLP) methods for loanword extraction. This paper aims to examine various approaches to automatic lexical item extraction from 1986 to the present, while also developing an algorithm to address this challenge. The material includes a collected corpus of 22348 English sentences parsed from the websites of 11 leading universities in Austria, Germany and Russia. To verify the results, 47 new sentences were used. Additionally, 1318 new sentences including German loanwords were generated using chatbots. As for the methods, the “bert-base-multilingual-cased model” was used in the study. Corpus was annotated with two tags indicating the presence/absence of a German loanword in a sentence. The model was then retrained on the corpus and on additionally generated sentences. The findings demonstrate that while contemporary methods achieve high accuracy rates, significant challenges persist in model performance across different language pairs and in overall efficiency enhancement. Furthermore, the study describes an algorithm for automatic extraction of German loanwords from English sentences utilizing the BERT large language model trained on a corpus of 900 texts. The model demonstrated robust performance, successfully identifying 30 out of 43 words of German origin.

This article will seek to analyze the particularities that permeate the sense of be-longing experienced by Brazilians as part of a Nation protected by a State, based on the contemporary concept of State, in addition to the concept of country, which emerges from the discursive imaginary of the Brazilians, what their relationship is with Brazilianness and what it means to be Brazilian in a more subjective sense, taking into account the diversity of Brazil's cultural reality. This issue is of fundamental importance when talking about the construction and constitution of a nation based on assumptions that have as their pillar not only cultural diversity, but also the heterogeneity of what is called Brazilian culture. To do this, we will rely on the concept of Brazilianness, subject, cultural identity of the theories of memory and discourse in the field of discourse analysis to seek to clarify the historicity of Brazilian culture, its interfaces, its plurality and how its plurality this shapes its heterogeneous structure.

We consider the conceptual sphere, which is a set of concepts, as the result of the implementation of the communicative intention of the author of the text. The ideological content of Hermann Hesse's novel “The Last Summer of Klingsor” is the difficult, frustrating fate of an intellectual creator, a talented artist doomed to loneliness, constantly searching for the meaning of life, who created his own deep, inner world, living a complex contradictory life in it, experiencing the torments of creativity. The talent of a painter with a capital letter is opposed (in our understanding) to a "standard" person. Talent is doomed to loneliness, misunderstanding of others, and numerous psychological complexes of its owner. This communicative concept by Hermann Hesse generates many concepts, some of which are emotional concepts. They occupy a significant place in the story “The Last Summer of Klingsor”. Based on the material of the novel by the German-Swiss writer, the key emotional concepts are revealed – “fear” and “mental suffering”. The criteria for determining the key concepts are the judgments of the Hessian scholars and quantitative indicators of the verbal embodiment of this mental formation in the story. Fear and mental suffering are psychologically relevant phenomena that turned out to be in communicative demand in the work of G. Hesse. Their communicative relevance is determined by the author's intention to reveal the image of a talented intellectual artist, doomed to constant loneliness and deep feelings. Perceptual-figurative features are revealed in the content of key emotional concepts. Some of them are individually authored features. The linguistic means of objectification of the emotional concepts of “fear” and “mental suffering” are defined. The fact of high-frequency use of original metaphors in the speech embodiment of the studied concepts has been established.

The article on the scientific field 9.8 Theoretical, applied and comparative linguistics (philological sciences) examines the phenomenon of precedent in biographical discourse in terms of its cognitive, linguistic, cultural, and pragmalinguistic significance.The purpose of the study is to identify the linguistic mechanisms of integrating precedent phenomena into biographical discourse and to identify their impact on cognitive and pragmalinguistic perception of the text. Based on the material of Rudiger Safransky's biography of E.T.A. Hoffman, a discursive analysis of various types of precedent phenomena (texts, statements, names, situations and symbols) is carried out. The mechanisms of actualization of precedent phenomena, their functions and role in the structuring of the biographical text are considered. Special attention is paid to the influence of precedent phenomena on the process of text interpretation by the recipient,the formation of intertextual connections and the cognitive base of the reader. As a result, it has been established that precedent phenomena contribute to the formation of deep semantic layers, actualize intertextual connections and ensure the inclusion of biographical text ina wide cultural and historical context.The results obtained can be used in further studies of precedent in various discursive practices, as well as in the field of linguocognitive and linguocultural studies.

The article is devoted to the problem of lexicographic aspects of translation in textbooks on Russian-Chinese translation, published in China from the 50s of the 20th century to the present. The purpose of this study is to explain the law of knowledge development presented in textbooks on Russian-Chinese translation. The relevance of the work is to optimize the teaching of Russian-Chinese translation and the writing of a textbook of this type. The analysis of this topic allows us to draw the following conclusions. Knowledge on the use of dictionaries was absent in the first textbooks of the Russian language translation, and appeared in the textbook relatively late, at the end of the 80s of the 20th century. Nowadays, most universal textbooks on Russian-Chinese translation contain lexicographic aspects of translation in one way or another. Knowledge on the use of dictionaries in textbooks on Russian-Chinese translation is presented as follows: (1) listing dictionaries of various types with their brief information; (2) explaining the basic rules for using dictionaries in translation; (3) deepening the method – considering the order of use of dictionaries; (4) suggesting the use of dictionaries in combination with Internet resources. The status of educational materials on the lexicography of translation is constantly increasing, in general, from a peripheral position to the main one.

The proposed paper discusses the features of metaphor translation in Chinese poetry. Metaphor, as an important rhetorical device, plays a significant role in the creation of poetry. Metaphors that can be found in Chinese poetry not only reflect the unique charm of cultures, but also create difficulties for translators. The relevance of the topic stems from the need for a better understanding of how to translate metaphors and adapt them to another culture. In the translation process, translators need to fully realize the metaphorical meanings of the original texts and find expressions that accurately convey these meanings in the target language. The aim of the study is to make a comparative analysis of metaphors in Chinese poetry and identify the features of their translation. To achieve this goal, the theoretical foundations of metaphor as an artistic means are studied, the peculiarities of Chinese poetic traditions are analyzed, a comparative analysis is carried out on the example of specific works, the problems of metaphor translation are considered and recommendations for improving the quality of translation are developed. Through this study and analysis, the author aims to provide some valuable recommendations and insights for those who want to engage in the process of metaphor translation.

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of four translations of one Quranic metaphor made by M.M. Pickthall, A.Y. Ali, Abu Adel and E.R. Kuliyev, with a special emphasis on the metaphor « waishtaAAala alrrasu shayban » « ». (Surah 19:4) This study aims to analyze the difficulties faced by translators in ensuring the intercultural equivalence of texts, as well as a comparative study of figurative linguistic means (metaphors, idioms, symbols) in Arabic, Russian and English. The main focus is on identifying linguistic and cultural barriers that prevent the adequate transmission of meaning, and comparing the mechanisms of adaptation of imagery in the context of interlanguage interaction. The work is aimed at systematizing the factors influencing the translation strategy when working with texts deeply rooted in the specifics of cultural codes.

The purpose of the study is to identify methods for overcoming key difficulties encountered in translating texts in the context of intercultural differences, as well as a comparative analysis of figurative structures (metaphors, idioms, culturally specific symbols) in Arabic, Russian and English. The emphasis is on the study of linguistic mechanisms that make it possible to preserve semantic and cultural adequacy in the transfer of imagery between languages.

The work involves the classification of translation strategies aimed at eliminating interlanguage imbalances and identifying patterns in the use of figurative means within the framework of the compared linguistic cultures.

Materials and methods of research. The study used the authentic text of the Quran in Arabic as a source material, as well as its translations into English (M.M. Pickthall , A. Y. Ali, Abu Adel) and Russian (E.R.Kuliyev) languages. The methodological base included:

1. theoretical analysis of the concepts of translation of sacred texts;
2. descriptive method for recording the linguistic features of the original and translati ons;
3. A comparative typological approach to identifying structural and semantic discrepancies in the transmission of figurative elements (metaphors, symbols, cultural connotations). The use of parallel text analysis has made it possible to systematize strategies for adapting culturally deter- mined meanings within the framework of interlanguage communication. The combination of theoretical, methodological and empirical blocks provided a comprehensive study of the linguistic and cultural transformation of the text in translation.

The result of the study was the classification of translations of the Quranic metaphor « waishtaAAala alrrasu shayban » « » into Russian and English. This classification is based on the methods of metaphor translation proposed by P. Newmark, which were used by translators in the course of their work.

The scope of application. The results obtained can be useful for specialists in such fields as theory and practice of translation, intercultural communication, stylistics, textual interpretation, linguoculturology and axiological linguistics.

Terminology of winter sports, like any other terminology, is a special system of vocabulary and requires detailed study from the standpoint of its word formation. The main resource for enriching the terminological volume of a language is its internal reserves. Consequently, replenishment of the vocabulary of the language of sports and, in particular, winter sports with new words occurs through the use of morphemes already existing in the language or their new combinations. It is known that there are many ways to form new words, the entire set of which can be divided into: morphological method, lexical-syntactic, lexical-semantic and morphological-semantic. The morphological method of vocabulary formation is the most productive and popular way of forming new words.

This scientific work examines morphological methods of word formation of sports terms of winter sports in English: affixal (prefixal, suffixal), compounding, conversion and abbreviations. According to the results of the study, compounding and conversion turned out to be the most effective methods. The author believes that knowledge of the main methods of morphological word formation of sports terms of winter sports will contribute to the effectiveness of the educational process, in the context of teaching English at the faculties of winter sports in a sports university. This knowledge will help students to comprehend the meanings of unfamiliar sports terms, develop and expand the ability to generalize, systematize and develop relationships between already known terms and those being studied. Understanding the patterns of word formation, the student will be able to more effectively intensify his own vocabulary.