The article is devoted to the problems of the initial stage of teaching translation to students learning English and Chinese. Despite the fruitful history of the development of translation teaching methodology, there is no competence-based manual developed for this pair of languages. This is the relevance of this study. The authors rely on the methods of teaching interpreting by I.S. Alekseeva for German and by a group of MSU scientists M.V. Verbitskaya, T.N. Belyaeva and E.S. Bystritskaya for English. The goal of the initial stage is to train students to fix and memorise as much and as complete a volume of information as possible for its further reproduction, to form the skill of perception and reproduction of precision vocabulary, to expand and order the working memory of the future professional interpreter. Having studied the peculiarities of the modern generation Z, the authors have made an attempt to develop such mnemonics exercises that systematise the knowledge of both the first and second foreign languages, as well as introduce new language material to study in the course of expanding working memory.

Japanese society has gone through many stages in its development that have made it extremely authentic and different from other ethnic societies. This uniqueness is manifested in the Japanese language, which structure contains many different nuances, making it a unique language system. In this regard, the formation of linguocultural competence, that includes capability of making the most effective communication due to the consideration of extra-linguistic features, is of particular importance in teaching Japanese. There are no full-fledged Russian-language aids aimed at the formation of the competence. Moreover, research of the optimal technology, as well as the choice of appropriate language materials is relevant. In this study, Japanese historical novels are proposed as a means of forming linguocultural competence in Japanese language teaching. This genre flourished in the middle of the twentieth century, and the works belonging to it combine the realistic history of the Japanese Middle Ages and the psychologism of modernist literature. This makes these novels a rich source of linguistic material used in a variety of contexts, which can have a positive impact on the formation of linguocultural competence. In addition, works belonging to this genre clearly demonstrate the social vertical characteristic of Japan, the relationships within which influence the choice of linguistic means. Also, an important advantage of using historical novels in the educational process is the possibility for students to anticipate the content of the subsequent text because the plot is based on historical events.

The phenomenon of communicative behavior as a subject of numerous linguistic studies is analyzed. The relevance of virtual communication in modern society is determined. The article considers concepts of a blog, a blogger and a linguistic personality. Definitions of communication strategy and tactics are given and their correlation with each other is presented. A number of communication tactics frequently used by bloggers in diary-type blogs have been identified. The following tactics are described: self-presentation, control over the topic and its understanding by the recipient, emotional adjustment, as the leading communication tactics in a German-language blog. The correlation of these tactics with the lexical and stylistic features of the texts of the German-speaking blogger is revealed. The dependence of the choice of language units used by a blogger on his communicative intention is defined. The lexical means of expressing self-presentation tactics are identified, in particular, the active use of phraseological combinations and slang expressions is revealed. The characteristics of the terms, jargon and professionalism used by the blogger to implement tactics of control over the topic and its understanding of the recipient are given. The blogger's emotionally tuning tactics are described, explicated through slang words and expressions, as well as non-verbally (through emoticons). The reason for the blogger's active use of these tactics in the blog information space is explained.

The article is devoted to the study of the functioning of the new expression “gas bang” in news texts. The purpose of the article is to establish the linguistic status of this phrase. The lexical and stylistic compatibility of the components of the expression and its semantic valence are considered. During the analysis of dictionaries and reference materials, it was revealed that this expression is a combinable neologism. It has been established that the neologism “gas bang” appeared as a result of stylistic migration from the narrow term system of professional discourse of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergency situations into media discourse. The mechanism of transition of professional vocabulary into commonly used vocabulary is described from the point of view of the stylistic error of incorrect word choice and the use of the rhetorical trope of litotes. The author argues that the litote construction “gas bang” is used to discreetly express an objective assessment of an event, usually described in Russian using the phrase “gas explosion”. The research states that the linguistic innovation “gas bang”, being a deviation from the linguistic norm, is a pragmatically significant unit of context associated with the strategy of discourse moderation. The analyzed innovation shows the capabilities of the language system in implementing such a strategy, which is in demand now.

This item focuses on identifying and analyzing the functional pragmatics of the most common gender specifiers of feminine-feminine social work borderline communication with the population. As the material of the study, the scripts were used obtained at the reception desk in the office of Committee of Labor and Social Welfare, the scripts finally entering the researcher’s personal file. Hermeneutic & semantic, contextual and discourse analysis was employed to identify the mechanisms behind the convergence of personal (emotional and gender-marked) components bearing elements of institutionalization (explication of the status role). The parallel use of gender specifiers and status-role markers offers the greatest perlocative effect. Syntone-appeals, hesitators with explanatory components and expressive syntactic constructions are viewed as the most pragmatically charged intimization methods typical of feminine-feminine communication. Based on the variable components of metaconcepts, which are also distributed and introduced into the clients’ concept-valor system, partially overlapping areas of the initial goal-setting space is created for all participants involved in the communicative action – agents, clients and tertiariis agens. Leveling the institutional components in the overtones of “involvement”, “disposition” and “experiencing” allows predicting the vectors for the discourse progress, whereas a shift towards personally-oriented communication eliminates the need for employing direct argumentum ad baculinum, which gives way to argumentum ad misericordiam and argumentum ad verecundiam. All of the features above can be definitely attributed to the feminine gender display, which is represented in the borderline social work discourse, i.e., the focus of the study.

One of the most important factors of language dynamics is the adoption of borrowed words that enter another language under the influence of political, economic, cultural relations, etc. Persian is no exception to this provision, and many words have been borrowed into this language, especially from European languages. The Russian language was widely used in Iran from the time of Fath-Ali Shah to the end of the Qajar era. The article analyzes Russian loanwords that entered the Persian language during the reign of the Qajars, that is, from the end of the XVIII century. to the beginning of the XX century. To this end, we examined the travelogue of Khosrow Mirza, the 16-year-old heir to the Iranian throne, about a trip to St. Petersburg. Since the sources related to the entry of Russian loanwords into Persian language are very limited and many Russian loanwords are wrongly mentioned as a French loanword in the dictionaries, this work can help to determine the nature of many words. This study showed that due to the Iran-Russia wars and the subsequent increase in Russia's economic influence in Iran, most of the loans used at this time are related to the military and commercial fields.

This article deals with the means of manifestation of conceptual quantitative meaning of “small quantity of something” in Russian, English and Chinese languages at the lexico-phraseological level. The expression of this meaning is limited to a rather small group of phrases with diverse symbolism, which is based on etymological images.
While comparing the selected examples with the corresponding phrases from national language corpora and thesauri, we have identified the phraseological units under consideration as grammatically universal. It was found that apart from the general conceptual meaning “small quantity” there are universal connotations for the three languages, such as time, space, preference, (un)certainty, limitation, contrast and quality.
The linguocultural approach is used to study the interchangeability between the phraseological units under consideration in the sphere of their functioning in everyday speech, fiction, social and political essays, etc. It is shown that restrictions on synonymic substitution are related due to the connotative component of meaning and stylistic coloring. Cultural comments to the given examples favor better understanding of the worldview and mentality of the speakers of the three languages.

This article analyses the language means used in the novel by Elizabeth Gaskell «North and South» when describing urban and rural areas. The relevance of thе study is due to the growing role of gender studies in the language, within which the linguoculturological analysis of gender associations in the minds of natural language speakers becomes important. The study is based on the understanding of gender as a binary construct that actualizes the oppositional perception of masculinity and femininity. The consciousness of England in the Victorian era is characterized not only by the binary perception of gender-role relations, but also by the symbolic opposition of urban and rural areas, formed as a result of the industrial revolution. In order to determine the associative relationship between gender and the urban/rural environment, 349 original contexts were selected that describe the realities of life in one of the spaces. The result of the study showed that the urban environment in the minds of the Victorian era is associated with several categories of masculinity, while the countryside has feminine qualities. The study revealed the deconstruction of some gender stereotypes and oppositions, which indicates a more multifaceted perception of gender structures that goes beyond the bipolar.

This article is devoted to a current topic – the study of stylistic means of representing the category of emotiveness based on the texts of modern English-language works of art. The category of emotiveness in linguistics has repeatedly become the object of study by researchers. In modern linguistics, this problem is relevant and attracts the interest of both domestic and foreign scientists. The use of stylistic means of expressing emotions and feelings gives the literary text a special degree of expressiveness, diversifies the emotive background of the work, conveying the emotional states of the characters. The article analyzes the definitions of artistic discourse and stylistic device, as well as the features of interaction between the writer ((addresser) and the reader (addressee) in the type of discourse under consideration. The emotional states of the characters in the English-language works of contemporary writers John Green “The Fault in Our Stars”, Jojo Moyes “Me Before You” and Neil Gaiman “American Gods”, transmitted by through stylistic means of expression. Particular attention is paid to the consideration and analysis of such stylistic means of expression as metaphor, epithet, irony, paraphrase, comparison, euphemism, asyndeton, polysyndeton, climax, oxymoron and antonomasia.

The article examines the main themes, genre features and dominant conceptual fields, reflecting the poetic vision of Sylvia Plath as one of the iconic representatives of confessional poetry. Fifteen poems served the material for the research. The linguistic and pragmatic analysis allowed identifying the most frequently recurring motive structures, typical for S. Plath’s poetic image of the world. S. Plath often turns to mythological and biblical themes to explore complex emotional and psychological states of the speaker. In Plath's poetic image of the world, nature notions acquire conceptual significance as a conduit of emotional states and reflections on the essence of human existence. S. Plath’s poetry deals with the complexities of identity formation and the struggle for self-identification in society, which often imposes rigid gender roles and social expectations. A special place in Plath’s poetic image of the world is occupied by the concepts of illness, death and suicide, reflecting her struggle with mental disorders and depression. The themes in her poems, the use of various literary techniques, the poetic exploration of personal experience indicate the confessional aspect of Plath’s poetic heritage, her deep understanding of the human condition, her focus on personal experiences and feelings.

The article deals with the genre peculiarities of the US digital diplomatic discourse. Based on the analysis of the genre-forming features of the texts available on the official website of the State Department, the main US foreign policy institution, genre classification is carried out. These include the images of the author and the recipient, the communicative intention of the addressee and its linguistic implementation. Digital diplomacy is a polydiscursive formation, which has the characteristics of such discourses as political, media and Internet discourse, so the genre-forming indicators also include the hypertextuality of the message. Based on the above-mentioned characteristics in the American digital discourse, we have identified the genre of note, the genre of speech and the genre of press statement. In each genre, subgenres were identified. The communicative goals of each genre differ. Thus, we found that the texts of the note genre are aimed at informing the population about events without subjective evaluation of what is happening. In the speech genre, the addressee not only provides information about what is happening in the world, but also gives a personal assessment, which leads to the formation of a certain attitude to the event in the recipient.

The given article deals with the study of lexical-semantic group of verbs with the meaning of touching in Russia, Tatar and English languages. Verbs being a part of a great number of synonymic rows have differences in lexical meanings, syntagmatic and paradygmatic relations. Verbs are often stylictically marked and have specific connotations. The authors have clarified semantic features of verbs of the given group, their integrating and differentiating units, including motivation peculiarities of these verbs. All the verbs of this semantic field are united by basic verb, in Russian it is касаться, in Tatar – кагыл- and in English – the verb touch. The aim of the study is to outline the basic models of secondary derivation, when a verb acquires additional meanings in the languages under consideration. Contact and interaction between representatives of different cultures and languages is of specific interest since touching in terms of concepts is one of the basic ways of perception and studying the surrounding world. Due to comparative approach it was possible to elicit universal tendencies of changes of verbs of touching, as well as unique ones peculiar only to one language under consideration.