Matrix language vs. guest language in the context of migration (the case of the Italian-American community)

Abstract

This article is devoted to the problem of matrix language retention in the context of emigration. The aim of the work is a detailed description and classification of the factors influ- encing the preservation and loss of the Italian language in the Italian-American community, the rea- sons for the emergence of the contact idiom ‘italinglish’ including the example of the work of Italian-American poets. Theoretical approaches to the study of Italian-American contact are described, data on the factors of preservation and loss of the Italian language in the USA are systematised. The poetic texts of Italian-American poets, such as E.Carnevali, G.Ciardi, F.Stefanile, A.Nicolai, etc., on the subject of linguistic behaviour within the framework of cultural pluralism. The work of Italian-American poets demonstrates several scenarios of interaction between matrix and guest languages: successful assimilation of a new language; conscious choice of one of the two languages; alternate use of languages in creative work; experimentation with an interesting multilingual mix. The study confirms the hypothesis that the transformation of identity in emigration is reflected in the use of language, which in turn acts as a stabiliser of identity, being a widespread motif in the verist literary tradition.